Afrikan Aleksandrovich Spir[3] (15 November 1837 – 26 Maret 1890) adalah seorang filsuf neo-Kantian Rusia keturunan Jerman-Yunani yang gemar menulis dalam bahasa Jerman.[4] Buku buatannya Denken und Wirklichkeit (Pemikiran dan Kenyataan) mendorong "dampak berkelanjutan" pada tulisan-tulisan Friedrich Nietzsche.[5][6]
- ^ Carl Beck Sachs, The Collapse of Transcendence in Nietzsche's Middle Period, University of California, San Diego, 2005, p. 34.
- ^ Gerardus Heymans is quoted as saying that Spir "exercised a real influence on the elaboration of his thought." Lettres inédites de African Spir au professeur Penjon (Unpublished Letters of African Spir to professor Penjon), Neuchâtel, 1948, p. 231, n. 7.
- ^ Rusia: Африка́н Алекса́ндрович Спир; Jerman: Afrikan (von) Spir; Prancis: African (de) Spir; Italia: Africano Spir.
- ^ Andrew Donskov Tolstoy My Life 2011 0776619225 Page 878 "At the time Lev Nikolaevich was reading the philosophy of Shpir,59 ... 59 Afrikan Aleksandrovich Shpir (German spelling: African Spir) (1837–1890) – a Russian doctor-turned-philosopher of German background."
- ^ Rüdiger Safranski, Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography (trans. Shelley Frisch), W. W. Norton & Company, 2003, p. 161: "This work [Thought and Reality] had long been consigned to oblivion, but it had a lasting impact on Nietzsche. Section 18 of Human, All Too Human cited Spir, not by name, but by presenting a "proposition by an outstanding logician" (2,38; HH I §18).
- ^ For Nietzsche's annotations in his copy of African Spir's Thought and Reality, as well as Hélène's Claparède-Spir comments on these annotations in a letter in German to Hans Vaihinger (dated Geneva, March, 11th, 1930), cf. Fabrizio Frigerio, op. cit., p. 15, n. 29 c., Ms. l.e. 253.